

ICs, passives, and transistors. /thread.
There are 2 big IC designers in Europe: Nordic and ST, but I believe all of their production is in China and Taiwan. If trade crashes, we have the IP, but no way to manufacture at scale. IMEC here in Belgium has 4 small fabs, but there isn’t that much else and the workforce is expensive as fuck which is why they do research IC’s almost exclusively.
We have a lot of camera IC designing in the EU also, but they are almost all fabless. Luckily we have ASML who know everything technical about IC manufacturing.
We have less knowledge on how to actually mass produce ICs anymore efficiently even though we create all of the tools and methods here because everything is done in the east that will see any volume production. PCBs and assembly are already 2-3x as expensive.
In my opinion, we need huge subsidies to get component and IC scale fabs here.
Money and time.
Tons of people build cool projects during their time in university, but the vast vast majority of people don’t because they are eating beans and rice and ramen and pizza and studying, not spending 500€-1000€ on iterative prototyping and the equipment to test everything.