Sure, you’re right, I skipped past that. Maybe you need to add a few print statements as well. For example I don’t know when SSH_CONNECTION gets set. Maybe that’s not yet available if you use “account” instead of “session”.

According to man on my computer, pam_exec doesn’t have any “dir” parameter, so you might need to remove that.

But it has a “log” parameter, so you could add “set +eux” to your script and add a “log=/tmp/loginalert.log” to the pam_exec call and see what the error message is. Or use the “stdout” option to make it output the errors to stdout on login for debugging.

It seems to me you’re requiring a subject and body text, but never setting any.

I think that’s possible. Some people regularly do their work in virtualized environments. Some developers, some people do this for security. And some companies have their employees run everything over network via a thin client / VNC.

It’ll be more complex, and you’ll probably spend some time setting it up and dealing with some edge cases and unforeseen annoyances. You’ll spread your data over several (virtual) computers and probably need some network share or file sync. And whether dynamic assigning of GPUs works, depends on the exact circumstances. Linux has a few tricks available to reset GPUs, mess with the firmware and reassign devices, or pass through things. But last time I tried, that was a lot of manual work. So does audio production if you need real time. And I think the “ease of updates” will be overshadowed a bit by now five times as many operating systems to keep up to date. And I don’t know much about anti-cheat. I usually skip those games altogether and the rest runs fine on my main distro.

Other possibilities: You could just use one main operating system and install some virtualization software there. And for development and ML you could also use something like Distrobox.

I don’t think Microsoft are that clever or malicious in that way. There are third party drivers available and I don’t know what all the Linux parts in Windows these days are able to do… So it’s definitely possible. But I think you’re looking more for a targeted attack with this. Like an agency or a hacker singling you out because they know you have valuable data on that filesystem. But Microsoft’s business model is more fishing for the easy targets and funneling data en masse, not the niche stuff… That might change at some point one day once the Linux subsystem automounts filesystems or something like that.

I’d agree with the: come preinstalled. Most people buy a device and never change the operating system. So it needs to be the preinstalled operating system on the average computer or laptop, wherever people buy those.

(And mind that Linux completely dominates the market on servers. So technically, a lot of people use Linux in a way… Just not on desktop computers.)

Usually a library is curated, while the internet isn’t. Idk I usually have a good time there. It’s an amount of books on the shelf I can still manage. If it’s multiple, I grab the 5-10 or so books, walk to a table and skim the table of content and a few pages, see which one has the info I was looking for and has a style of writing I like. (And isn’t outdated.) I regularly find Linux or programming books that way. And they all have some minimum standard in the library so I’ll find something within 5-10minutes.

I had a dualboot on my last laptop for a long time and seems they’ve toned the overwriting of the bootloader way down since the invention of EFI. For the last 8 years or so it occasionally changes the boot order to default to Windows, every time these larger updates come in. But it doesn’t seem to overwrite anything any more.

Other than that, I’d also recommend Backups. Windows doesn’t come with drivers for these filesystems, so it can’t read Linux files. But theoretically things could happen to the data on a harddisk nonetheless.

Since both Debian and Arch aren’t atomic distros or offer rollback… The way I do it is connect my large external USB harddisk, do a backup and then upgrade. If there’s something wrong, I restore the backup, but in reality I was always able to resolve issues with the updates.

On my server I do LVM snapshots, that’s fairly easy to do. I avoid BTRFS since that messed up one of my filesystems a few years ago, but I heard it got better since and it’s not supposed to do that any more.

I think AVC1 is another word for H.264. That’s the oldest one with lots of hardware acceleration available in old devices and by far the biggest one in file size. VP9 should roughly be on a similar level with H.265. The main difference is that VP9 is supposed to be royalty-free and H.265 isn’t. The best one is of course AV1. But that also takes considerably more resources to encode and decode.

M4A and webm both aren’t audio codecs. They’re file container formats. I believe m4a takes AAC audio. And webm is a more general container format and it takes video as well. I think audio will be either Vorbis or Opus. And Opus is fairly good, especially at low bitrates. There probably isn’t a big difference to AAC, though.

I believe my WebOS version is so old, they stopped any update or data collection servers. I had developer mode running before. That’s perfectly alright. Just a bit annoying to constantly refresh, and somehow my attempts to automate it failed. So one day I rooted it and now I have full ssh access, a homebrew channel… And I would have liked to use that to run an Ambilight, and that requires root. Sadly it requires a newer operating system version so I still don’t have any LEDs in the background.

Youtube-webos is the single reason why I’ve resumed watching YT in the livingroom. I had stopped when they introduced the second pre-roll ad and a lot of things became unskippable. Now my old TV is rooted, it doesn’t really phone home, it doesn’t show ads and it’s a breeze. Let’s hope it stays that way, because Google is already trying to fight the adblockers for some time now.

And they even changed more around for developers. A revised structure of the SDK. Demoting Pixel devices from being primary developer platform and now devs should use the emulator… We don’t get easy access to device trees for GrapheneOS any more…

The Fairphone is a really nice project. It’s designed by a Dutch company. According to what I can find on the internet, it’s manufactured with ethical standards by Hi-P International Limited in China. And the System on Chip comes from an US-company (Qualcomm), those are produced by TSMC in Taiwan.

… and most of the world. I guess that’s the reason why we still have Taiwan as a country.

I guess with electronics there is a lot to be desired. GPUs, CPUs other chips and a lot of components. Entire smartphones and laptops.

Though what I’d really like to see “manufactured” in Europe is a big internet platform. Something like WhatsApp, Instagram or YouTube, TikTok or whatever.

I’ve briefly tried both Garage and MinIO and they both work as advertised. Though I did it for experimentation on self-hosted services, so I don’t have any experience with large-scale or real-world use.

I’m still mad at them for cancelling the device trees and stuff to support custom ROMs.

I think there is an entire meme genre about Apple AI notification summaries and the sometimes hilarious results.

https://www.theverge.com/2024/11/12/24289939/apple-intelligence-ai-notification-summaries-awkward-funny-bad

This will be about the same.

Is it just me, or does the article just throw some words at me like LIME, SHAP, and ELI5 but doesn’t really explain what they do and how they contribute? I mean there are quite some interesting things in there. But concerning the tech, I didn’t learn much. How does for example a colorful map of the activations/features tell me what it did and how it got there?

Yes. Steam is available on Linux, pretty easy to install and it comes with a compatibility layer (Proton) which works quite well.

Linux is a bit different than Windows. But I’d say just using it is about as complicated as using Windows. You’ll just have to try and see whether you like it. And if it’s hard or easy for you to relearn a few things. I mean if you’re in the Browser and Steam all day, those will be the same applications and also look and work the same way. Other than that you could face some issues with gaming hardware and you have to fiddle with things, or everything works out of the box. You can’t tell beforehand.